Update 11/10/2012: The Jtest and EUtest are now available at GEDmatch, and these have superseded most of my tests offered there, except those that include Amerindian references samples. For more info see here.
...
First of all, below is a list of the geographic locations or ethnic groups in which the clusters from the Eurogenes' Gedmatch tests peak. I can't post any population averages or maps at present, but will do so as soon as possible. I really need more people to fill in their ancestry details at Gedmatch when they run these tests, otherwise producing more detailed guides won't be possible.
K9
South Asian - South India
Caucasus - Georgia
Southwest Asian - Bedouin
North Amerindian + Arctic - Northwest America
Siberian - Central Siberia
Mediterranean - Sardinia
East Asian - Eastern China
West African - Nigeria
North European - Lithuania
K10
South Asian - South India
Caucasus - Georgia
Southwest Asian - Bedouin
North Amerindian + Arctic - Northwest America
Siberian - Central Siberia
Mediterranean - Sardinia
East Asian - Eastern China
West African - Nigeria
East European - Belarus
North Atlantic - Ireland
K11
South Asian - South India
Caucasus - Georgia
Southwest Asian - Bedouin
North Amerindian + Arctic - Northwest America
Siberian - Central Siberia
Mediterranean - Sardinia
East Asian - Eastern China
West African - Nigeria
Volga-Ural - Western Volga
South Baltic - Lithuania
North Atlantic - Ireland
K12
South Asian - South India
Caucasus - Georgia
Southwest Asian - Bedouin
North Amerindian + Arctic - Northwest America
Siberian - Central Siberia
Mediterranean - Sardinia
East Asian - Eastern China
West African - Nigeria
Volga-Ural - Western Volga
South Baltic - Lithuania
Western European - Western Ireland
North Sea - Southern Norway
K12b
Western European - Cornwall
Siberian - Central Siberia
East African - Masaai
West Central Asian - Balochistan
South Asian - South India
West African - Nigeria
Caucasus - Georgia
Finnish - Eastern Finland
Mediterranean - Sardinia
Southwest Asian - Bedouin
North European - Lithuania
East Asian - Eastern China
K13
North European - Lithuania
West African - Nigeria
Mediterranean - Sardinia
Northeast African - Ethiopia Oromo
North Eurasian - Central Siberia
South Asian - South India
Southwest Asian - Bedouin
Pygmy - Mbuti Pygmy
Caucasus - Georgia
East Siberian - Koryaks
East Asian - Eastern China
Amerindian - South America
West Central Asian - Balochistan
Hunter-Gatherer vs. Farmer (Gedmatch edition)
Anatolian Farmer - Western Caucasus
Baltic Hunter Gatherer - Lithuania
Middle Eastern Herder - Bedouin
East Asian Farmer - Eastern China
South American Hunter Gatherer - South America
South Asian Hunter Gatherer - South India
North Eurasian Hunter Gatherer - Central Siberia
East African Pastoralist - Masaai
Oceanian Hunter Gatherer - Papua New Guinea
Mediterranean Farmer - Sardinia
Pygmy Hunter Gatherer - Mbuti Pygmy
Bantu Farmer - West Africa
Now, the K12 test is the most useful analysis in the context of my project, which focuses on the genetic substructures of groups from north of the Alps and Carpathians. Therefore, most of this post will be dedicated to that test, and especially to the European and West Eurasian clusters it features. Indeed, below is an MDS plot showing synthetic samples made from the allele frequencies of the seven West Eurasian clusters from the K12.
It's pretty easy to see what's going on there. The four North European clusters are positioned close together on the left of the plot. However, the Western European and North Sea clusters both show significant affinity to the Mediterranean cluster, by pulling towards its direction.
Note also that the Mediterranean and Caucasus clusters are placed about half way between the South Baltic and Southwest Asian clusters across dimension one. This is in line with geography, because the Mediterranean Basin and Caucasus Mountains are located between Northern Europe and the Middle East.
However, the Mediterranean and Caucasus clusters are sharply differentiated across dimension two. This also fits geography, because there's obviously a huge distance between the populations of the Western Mediterranean (in which the Mediterranean cluster peaks) and the Caucasus.
Below are a few spatial maps, showing the distribution of selected clusters from the K12 analysis (courtesy of Eurogenes project member FR7). The data is still fairly limited, so those of you who want your countries/ethnic groups represented, please encourage more people to take the Eurogenes K12 test at Gedmatch, and state their ancestry when they do.
More to come...
Sorry to repeat myself David but I will not ask this question again. This will be my last time asking it for these runs. I am an admixed European individual. I am 25% Italian, 25% Finnish and 50% Irish/British by known paper trail ancestry. Which tests/analysis are meaningful for an individual such as myself?
ReplyDelete^ Considering your mixed ancestry, and the specifics of that, I think the best tests for you would be the K9, K10, K12b_new and K13.
ReplyDeleteThe other runs are only really useful for you when looking at segments, by cross checking all the results, and seeing what patterns emerge.
Okay once again thank you very much David!
ReplyDeleteHello Davidski,
ReplyDeleteThank you for the "list of the geographic locations or ethnic groups in which the clusters from the Eurogenes' Gedmatch tests peak".
:)
Hello,
ReplyDeleteIf you have time, I have two questions for you - 1. If the Mediterranean portion is always represented by Sardinians, why does the percentage change for me with the various admixes? 2. If I know from the paper trail that I have colonial American of heavy English ancestry, plus some known Irish, German and Jamaican Euro/Afro mix, could you advise me the best admix? I was thinking maybe K12 or K12B...
Thanks for making this available!
^ The Med cluster always peaks in Sardinians, but not always at the same levels. That's because when the results break up into more Ks, some of the Med alleles go to the new clusters, like the Western European or the North Atlantic.
ReplyDeletePeople who are mixed are better off using the results from the lower Ks. At higher Ks, many of the clusters are differentiated by very low genetic distances, so if you're really mixed, your results will look like soup.
Hello,
ReplyDeleteFirst of all, thank you very much for all your hard work, and for making these tests available on GEDmatch.
I am also very mixed: 50% Irish, 25% German, 12.5% French, and 12.5% unknown. I have been researching my family history via paper genealogy for years and have 7/8 of my ancestry pretty thoroughly documented, but one of my great-grandparents has been a complete brick wall. One of my main motivations for taking the DNA test was to attempt to get an idea of what kind of ancestry that unknown 1/8 might be. Do you have any advice for me?
Thank you.
^ The best course of action would be to find someone who is 50% Irish, 25% German and 25% French, or close to that, and compare your results with theirs from many different tests (basically all the admixture tests at Gedmatch).
ReplyDeleteIf there's a clear and consistent difference in the results, then you can then try and work out which way you're being pulled away from that 50% Irish, 25% German and 25% French mix. That might give you some clues about that 12.5%, especially if you also see signs of the same trend in the Ancestry Finder at 23andMe.
So, for example, you find that across all the admixture tests, you show clearly higher South Baltic or East European scores. Then you check your Ancestry Finder results, and you see that you share some fairly large segments with people from the Baltic states. Then you have a look at what the chromosome paintings are showing in those areas where you share the segments, and they show a lot of South Baltic and similar clusters. All of that would indicate that the 12.5% came from somewhere around Lithuania.
Thank you very much for your reply.
ReplyDeleteVery interesting. If I'm understanding you correctly, the hard part will be finding other people with that 50/25/12 mixture who I'm not related to. I'm not sure how to go about doing that, other than putting out a general request on something like the FTDNA forums (my test was with FTDNA). The more people I can find with that mix, the better, correct?
FWIW, I've thought about testing with 23andme, or Ancestry when that test becomes available, to see if that could shed any new light on my case. I also have five full siblings and my understanding is that the more of us who get tested, the more "complete" picture of our ancestry will emerge.
Thank you again.
Hi David,
ReplyDeleteReally glad the averages have arrived, it' really useful. I am UK42 and i was investigating this as well as chromosome paintings on GEDmatch, and i was wondering if you would consider that an excess of Southwest Asian, Mediterranean and African components but an average component of Caucasus (this appears consistently) might indicate a North African origin for my unknown ancestry as opposed to plain Middle-Eastern. It is quite convincing especially as i have recently come across a significant chunk of African at one end of Chromosome 13.
Basically to cut it short, would you consider this apparent absence of Caucasus which is so significant in Middle-eastern populations, as well as the significant presence of an African component to be indicative of North African ancestry as opposed to Middle-eastern?
I've found your K=12 to be very useful for all of my ancestry, many of the others are useful for particular parts but this one seems to cover it all!
Kind Regards,
Sam Jackson
No spanish ? Is strange, because I know at least one spaniards who typed his ancestry on Gedmatch.
ReplyDelete^ Sam, yes, if you have more of the components that you mentioned, and less Caucasus, then this indicates more influence from the south and southwest, rather than the southeast.
ReplyDeleteI suppose the next step would be to check your Ancestry Finder results to see if you have any interesting hits in areas of your genome where these exotic components dominate. You might find some Sephardi Jews there, or maybe someone from Malta?
Hi David,
ReplyDeleteThanks for the clarification - I'll look a bit deeper into my matches a bit later on, although i do have a couple of small segments matched with people in Spain, although just recently i got 0.2% show up as a match with someone (or perhaps more than one?) with all 4 grandparents from Haiti, quite interesting!
Malta is an interesting idea - Hadn't thought of that and i'll give it a look too, Sephardic Jewish is my explanation up until now so in terms of genaeology it would be nice to make a connection, although i'm aware that whatever it is, it's unlikely to be as clear cut if they weren't registered as Jewish, and if it is North African, well that will be difficult...
Cheers!
Why would you characterise your Oceanian as a hunter gatherer? Although there are some small hunter gatherer groups in Papua New Guinea the majority of the population have been farmers for thousands of years.
ReplyDelete^ Europeans have been farmers for thousands of years too, save the Saami of Northern Scandinavia. But it'd be kind of redundant to classify groups as farmers in this test, based on the fact that they've had farmer ancestors since the late Neolithic at least, because that wouldn't leave any hunter-gatherers.
ReplyDeleteYes, but New Guinea seems to be the third oldest area for the development of agriculture after the Fertile Crescent and the Yangtse and Yellow River basins. Crops domesticated in New Guinea such as yams, taro, sugarcane and bananas were spread around the Indian Ocean to reach India and Africa.
ReplyDeleteI am from greece and i wonder if it is possible that some of my ancestry that appears to be western european and north sea could actually mean that i have more mediterranean and south baltic admixture.
ReplyDelete^ Well, there's really no such thing as Mediterranean, South Baltic or North Sea, etc.
ReplyDeleteThese are just names for allele frequencies that have no borders.
The only way to check whether you show influence from the south, west, east or north is to compare your scores to other people from similar parts of Greece.
Per FTDNA I am of mixed, Native American, African, Finnish, Russian and Jewish Palestinian ancestry, what tests would accurately work for me David?
ReplyDeleteThank you,
Jim
Per FTDNA & a fairly good paper trail I am roughly 25% Mayan with the rest being Finnish, Russian, Spanish, Tuscan. Which of your tools would best for me?
ReplyDeleteThank you,
Ronda K Miller - Lead South Dakota
Hi David,
ReplyDeleteSteven Mark Roberts here; kit M083210. I am a 'newbie' to gedmatch.
I have been tracing my family tree for over twenty years, back when I had to go to the library to look at microfiche.
Except for one German gg grandfather, all of my family has been here since before the Revolution. And except for a NY Dutch ancestor, ALL of my ancestors were from the British Isles; primarily English, Scottish and Welsh. I am the classic 'WASP.'
There is a family legend of Cherokee Indian.
I first did DNATribes, but I found their information to be useless. ( I would be glad to share my results with you for your research)
I then did FamilyTreeDNA; it showed that I was 94% Oracadian and 6% Middle Eastern, which I suspect may be Jewish. I suspected this came through my German gg grandfather, as most all other ancestors were British, and the British expelled Jews, and by the time Jews were back in Britain, my family was already in the US.
To test this theory, I tested my gg aunt's DNA, and she has around the same amount of middle eastern.
I did ancestryDNA, and it showed 60% viking, 20% central europe and 19% British Isles.
I did 23andme, and it showed 99.5% European and .5% american Indian.
I have uploaded my 23andme raw file; I will upload my raw file from familytreeDNA when they allow it (it is 'broken' as of 022813).
Since I am 99.5 percent european per 23andme, and 95% orcadian per familytreedna and 98% european (2% unknown) per ancestry.com, which test of your admixture should I use?
If you'd like to see the 'reports' that DNATribes sent me, just email me at mrobertsbham2000@yahoo.com and I will be glad to send them to you.
thanks so much.
Mark Roberts
^ I just had a look at your Eurogenes results at GEDmatch.
DeleteYou basically come out like someone of mostly English descent, but with considerable and probably recent ancestry from the Northwestern European mainland, like from Denmark, Frisia, or perhaps even Holland north of the Rhine or Northwest Germany.
You're definitely not typically Orcadian, and you don't have any recent Middle Eastern ancestry. The reason you're coming out Orcadian/Middle Eastern at FTDNA is because of the way their (rather chunky) algorithm works. Basically, it attempts to place you along the genetic cline that runs between Northwestern Europe and the Middle East, and its saying that you're a few per cent more Middle Eastern (or rather Neolithic) than the average Orcadian. I'd also add that AncestryDNA seems to be overestimating your "Viking" or rather Scandinavian roots by at least 10%.
The Jtest Oracles dont pick up any clear Ashkenazi admixture, but the chromosome painting suggests there might be a couple of minor segments from a distant Ashkenazi ancestor, like on the left tip of chromosome 6, and perhaps on the left tip of chromosome 19. If these are genuine, then you should see that confirmed at 23andMe using the Ancestry Finder and the Ancestry Composition. In other words, if the signals are real then those tools will show Ashkenazi hits in the same areas as the Jtest chromosome painting does.
There's probably a stronger case for minor Amerindian admixture. It's tiny overall but shows up consistently, and there seems to be a large Amerindian segment on chromosome 13. Keep in mind that Europeans, and especially Northern, Central and Eastern Europeans, apparently share prehistoric ancestry with Amerindians, so it's always possible that this is a signal of that ancient relationship. However, I'd be surprised if the Amerindian segment on chromosome 13 wasn't due to recent Native American ancestry, and I'm guessing that it shows up in the Ancestry Composition at 23andMe.
@Davidski
ReplyDeleteI am new to all this DNA testing, and I've been having fun running the various tests that are available on Gedmatch. I am interested in knowing which test is more useful with my admixture? I am getting different reports from various tests, and I'd like to know which one is best for accurate results? My ancestry is Polish on my mom's side, back 5 generations that I know of, but only her father's tree. My father's side comes from Hungary or Croatia, with Austrian and German mix (his mother's side). Father's side is Colonial american, with ancestry from Scotland and Ireland. Kit is M111825
The best tests for Europeans are the Jtest and EUtest because the Oracles linked to those work correctly for everyone (not just those who are members of various projects). The reason for this is that these tests don't suffer from the calculator effect.
DeleteHowever, if you're partly Native American, then this will be substituted in the Jtest and EUtest with Siberian admixture and a Siberian ethnic group in the Oracle results. That's because there are no Amerindian reference samples in these tests.
Hi David :)
ReplyDeleteAngela here. Gedmatch number: M094348 I am very new to all of this. I have done my geneology and most ancestors are from England and some from France and others for Ireland. I can't trace them all. I also have a 3x great grandmother that I have a picture of that was born in 1844 in San Francisco. She looks Native American. Her husband was born in Mexico but he was white looking so I guess he might not have mixed with the natives too much. I have been using Gedmatch... Very confused how to read the information I see. I do see Native American DNA and I also see some African DNA. I am curious about that. I am also confused by my European DNA. I have a lot of mediterranean and I don't know where that is from. I was wondering if you could take a lot at my Gedmatch number and tell me what you know about what you see. Thank you for any insite you can provide :)
Hi David,
ReplyDeleteFirst off...thanks for all your hard work. It is something that has come to help me out greatly lately. I don't really understand much of this so I'll just tell you what confuses me. I took the Ancestry.com test and came up with 98% Scandinavian. I know they have a big Scandinavian problem anyway so there is that. Then I took the raw data and put it into several of the tests last night to see what would come up and all of them are very similar...but I'm not sure what it means. Here are a couple of the tests:
K 12
Population
South Asian 1.48%
Caucasus 5.63%
Southwest Asian 0.72%
North Amerindian + Arctic 0.60%
Siberian -
Mediterranean 13.99%
East Asian -
West African 0.52%
Volga-Ural 2.90%
South Baltic 11.05%
Western European 31.02%
North Sea 32.09%
K 12 b
Population
Western European 46.30%
Siberian 0.51%
East African -
West Central Asian 0.80%
South Asian 2.17%
West African 0.65%
Caucasus 6.98%
Finnish 4.92%
Mediterranean 15.98%
Southwest Asian 1.39%
North European 20.30%
East Asian -
K 36
Population
Amerindian -
Arabian -
Armenian -
Basque 0.50%
Central_African -
Central_Euro 5.56%
East_African -
East_Asian -
East_Balkan 2.14%
East_Central_Asian -
East_Central_Euro 5.44%
East_Med -
Eastern_Euro 3.14%
Fennoscandian 6.83%
French 8.55%
Iberian 11.79%
Indo-Chinese -
Italian 12.79%
Malayan -
Near_Eastern -
North_African 0.52%
North_Atlantic 19.31%
North_Caucasian 1.53%
North_Sea 17.87%
Northeast_African -
Oceanian -
Omotic -
Pygmy 0.53%
Siberian -
South_Asian 0.70%
South_Central_Asian -
South_Chinese -
Volga-Ural -
West_African -
West_Caucasian 0.69%
West_Med 2.11%
Ok, so what am I looking at? I'm especially unsure about the Italian and Iberian percentages. I know that can refer to deep ancestry, especially for someone with a lot of English ancestry...but they seem high...are they?
Well, these results are meaningless unless you...
Deletea) cross check the component levels with lots of other users to try and find patterns and anomalies.
b) look at the chromosome paintings and cross check them with half-segment matches with other users to perhaps find local areas of your genome that carry admixtures from specific areas of the world.
The other thing you should do is run the EUtest and Jtest and study your Oracle results. This will help to put your overall ancestry into perspective in the context of the Old World.
My son is 1/2 Thai (his mom - all 4 grandparents born in Thailand) and 1/2 Euro Mutt (me). Here is his admixture:
ReplyDeleteIndo-Chinese 15.98%
Malayan 14.68%
Central_Euro 7.82%
South_Chinese 6.65%
North_Atlantic 6.11%
North_Sea 5.63%
East_Asian 5.35%
Italian 5.14%
Fennoscandian 4.99%
East_Central_Euro 4.32%
South_Asian 3.99%
Iberian 3.28%
Siberian 3.24%
French 3.13%
Basque 2.81%
East_Balkan 2.70%
West_Caucasian 2.19%
East_Med 0.84%
Armenian 0.54%
Pygmy 0.52%
Oceanian 0.09%